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• Fall Curriculum - National Security Strategy.
• The fall semester addresses the subject of national security strategy. Students develop skills in strategic thinking and executive decision-making, become thoroughly familiar with existing national security structures and processes. and learn how to formulate national security strategy and policies and apply the components of national power.
• Designed to be a fully integrated interdisciplinary experience, the semester includes courses in political science, history, economics, strategy and warfare, strategic decisionmaking, and regional security studies.
• strategy and integrate the political, economic, and military components of power to meet national security objectives.

• Home Page || News || Fletcher Conference on National Security Strategy and Policy.
• IFPA-Fletcher Conference on National Security Strategy and Policy.
• International Security Studies Program of The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.
• As we mark the first anniversary of the September 11 attacks, the United States has begun to implement a new National Security Strategy and to reorganize its national security structures to meet the challenges posed by global terrorist networks and other threats. In order to examine the issues shaping the new strategy and to better understand its political and military implications, the U. ... Marine Corps, together with the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis (IFPA) and the International Security Studies Program of The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, convened the 33rd IFPA-Fletcher Conference on National Security Strategy and Policy on October 16-17, 2002 at the Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. ...
• national security strategy and to help better understand the role of the instruments of national power, including military capabilities, in the transformed security environment, the conference examined several themes, including:.
• Security challenges in the new security environment .
• Strategic responses to the Twenty-First Century security challenges .
• Essential military capabilities for a new national security strategy .
• Resourcing the emerging national security strategy .
• The conference featured presentations and discussion on such topics as the challenge of Islamic extremism; asymmetric threats; transnational terrorism and non-state enemies; war in the information age; the new face of the weapons-of-mass-destruction challenge; preemption in the emerging Bush Doctrine; organizing intelligence and legislation to support the national security strategy; protecting expeditionary forces; reorganizing for homeland security; the role of allies and coalition partners in a new security strategy; U. ... relationship with Russia; essential military capabilities to support a new national security strategy; future challenges for acquisition reform; DoD experimentation and concept development; technology concepts to support transformation; and preventing technology lag in the acquisition process. ...
• Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz delivered a Keynote Luncheon Address at The 33rd IFPA/Fletcher Conference on National Security Strategy and Policy. ... Wolfowitz, one of the key architects of the Bush Doctrine, will discussed the Iraq crisis, the war on terrorism, and the National Security Strategy of the United States of America the first day of the conference. ...

• The European Security Strategy: where next?.
• Javier Solana, Secretary-General of the Council of the European Union and High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), visited Finland on February 25 at the invitation of FIIA. His visit gave an outstanding opportunity for bringing together leading European practitioners and researchers to discuss the European Security Strategy prepared under the leadership of Solana last year and adopted by EU heads of states in December.
• In his speech at the Finlandia Hall, Mr Solana stressed the responsibility of the EU for regional and global security, and welcomed the new proactive and strategic approach to common external action. He outlined the distinctive European view on security issues which emphasises multilateralism, prevention and coordinated use of military and civilian capabilities. ...
• He also argued that the EU should address the connection between globalisation and security by linking development cooperation and security policy. ... He regretted that the Security Strategy is not unambiguous on this issue.
• Foreign Minister of Slovenia, Dr Dimitrij Rupel addressed the main tasks of EU foreign and security policy as identified in the Security Strategy, focusing on the fight against terrorism and the situation in the Middle East and the Western Balkan region. According to Dr Rupel, the EU's mission in the Middle East should include security promotion by means of educational reform, exchange programs, and measures to reduce unemployment and to improve the conditions of the youth. ...
• The second session of the conference offered three academic contributions on the topic of EU as a security policy actor. ... Christopher Hill from the London School of Economics and Political Science criticised the strategic planning in EU foreign and security policy for over-reliance on rationality and reminded the audience of the necessity to expect the unexpected. He also identified complexities in decision-making and of the external environment as problems for EU strategy. ... Hill pointed out that although the Security Strategy favours conflict prevention, it also leaves open a possibility of pre-emptive action. ...
• Menon argued that the bitter disagreements during the Iraq crisis may in fact end up strengthening EU security policy. The rift over Iraq forced the EU to take disagreements among the member states on the agenda and to specify the nature of EU security policy. ...
• The third speaker of the panel Mr Rafal Trzaskowski, researcher of the Natolin European Centre in Warsaw, focused on the position of new member-states in EU foreign and security policy after enlargement. ...

• Security Home Task Force News Events Policies Forum Effective Practices Resources Contact Us .
• Security Home Page.
• Welcome to the Computer and Network Security Web site, developed by the EDUCAUSE/Internet2 Computer and Network Security Task Force. The Web site is intended to be a focal point of information and resources on computer and network security for the higher education community. ...
• Join the Security Discussion Group >> .
• Security News.
• Learn more about the Task Force's Cyber Security Forum for Higher Education. ...
• January 28, 2004, Effective IT Security Practices Guide for Higher Education Released by EDUCAUSE/Internet2 Computer and Network Security Task Force .
• Security at Line Speed Workshop Findings & Report (version 1. ...
• "Planning for Improved Security", by Mark Bruhn & Rodney Petersen, EDUCAUSE Review (November/December 2003) .
• ECAR publishes study on Information Technology Security: Governance, Strategy, and Practice in Higher Education .
• More Security News. ...
• Security Events.
• May 16–18, 2004, Security Professionals Workshop, EDUCAUSE/Internet2, Washington, D. ...
• June 7–10, 2004, 8th Colloquium for Information Systems Security Education (CISSE), West Point, NY .
• More Security Events. ...

• National Security Strategy Report:.
• To seize these opportunities, and move against the threats of this new global era, we are pursuing a forward-looking national security strategy attuned to the realities of our new era. This report, submitted in accordance with Section 603 of the Goldwater- Nichols Defense Department Reorganization Act of 1986, sets forth that strategy. ...
• To enhance our security. ...
• Over the past five years, we have been putting this strategy in place through a network of institutions and arrangements with distinct missions, but a common purpose—to secure and strengthen the gains of democracy and free markets while turning back their enemies. Through this web of institutions and arrangements, the United States and its partners in the international community are laying a foundation for security and prosperity in the 21st century.
• This strategy encompasses a wide range of initiatives: expanded military alliances like NATO, its Partnership for Peace, and its partnerships with Russia and Ukraine; promoting free trade through the World Trade Organization and the move toward free trade areas by nations in the Americas and elsewhere around the world; strong arms control regimes like the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty; multinational coalitions combating terrorism, corruption, crime and drug trafficking; and binding international commitments to protect the environment and safeguard human rights. ...
• The United States must have the tools necessary to carry out this strategy. ...
• I have instructed the Office of Management and Budget and the National Security Council to work with the Department of Defense to formulate a multi-year plan with the necessary resources to preserve military readiness, support our troops, and modernize the equipment needed for the next century. I am confident that our military is—and will continue to be—capable of carrying out our national strategy and meeting America's defense commitments around the world.
• Every dollar we devote to preventing conflicts, promoting democracy, and stopping the spread of disease and starvation brings a sure return in security and savings. ...
• Protecting our citizens and critical infrastructures at home is an essential element of our strategy. ...
• This would pose great risks not only for our economic interests but for our national security.
• At this moment in history, the United States is called upon to lead—to organize the forces of freedom and progress; to channel the unruly energies of the global economy into positive avenues; and to advance our prosperity, reinforce our democratic ideals and values, and enhance our security.

• Take Action on the European Security Strategy .
• This is the title of the report by Javier Solana, the EU High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy of the EU, to the European Council Summit in Thessaloniki in June 2003.
• The European Council requested this report to start the process of developing an EU Security Strategy. This was a response to the invasion of Iraq and the EU’s inability to agree on a strategy or even a common approach to this. ...
• The document is a draft which is likely to be amended, if only slightly, in discussions now proceeding; but it is anticipated that a final version of this strategy document will be agreed in the very near future, maybe even as soon as during the next European Council Summit in December 2003.
• It can be seen as a parallel to the National Security Strategy of the United States which was produced in September 2002 in response to September 11th, 2001. ...
• International Security Information Service (ISIS) Europe, .
• Lobbying to national governments of member states of the EU may assist in ensuring that the issues raised by EPLO are actually debated in the further development of this strategy. ...

• Bush released its National Strategy for Homeland Security, 40 days after proposing the creation of a new Department of Homeland Security. ...   The way the process is supposed to work is quite different: one comes up with the strategy first and then proceeds to make the necessary organizational changes.   As a result, the relationship between the administration’s strategy and its reorganization proposal is not at all clear. ...
• 11 and the need to create a whole new homeland security establishment and paradigm, this is not such a big problem.
• The 90-page strategy is actually a laudable attempt to bring some coherence to a hugely ambitious undertaking. ...
•   The objectives are refined into six mission critical areas: intelligence and warnings, border and transportation security, domestic counterterrorism, protecting critical infrastructure and key assets, defending against catastrophic terrorism, and emergency preparedness and response. ...
• In coping with such threats, the strategy relies heavily on science and technology. ...
• The strategy lays out numerous proposals to help improve homeland security, including creating a plan to protect U. ... In addition, the strategy suggests improving interagency communications, creating national standards for state driver’s licenses, and increasing inspections of shipping containers at foreign ports and U. ...
• One of the more innovative ideas is creating an “intelligence threat division” in the proposed Homeland Security Department. ...
• The strategy also called for the first comprehensive review of critical public and private U. ...
•   A new study by the Brookings Institution, released the day before the national strategy, found that “a sound homeland security strategy should focus first and foremost on prevention – by ensuring terrorists and their material do not enter the United States. ...
• Unfortunately, the strategy also reinforces the administration’s preference for secrecy. ...
•   The strategy calls for use of the military for civilian defense, including the enforcement of quarantines in case of an attack using a contagious virus. ...
• One paradox that has not received much attention is in the executive summary which says:  "One fact dominates all homeland security threat assessments:  terrorists are strategic actors. ...   If choices are necessary in the military world, something that we daily demand of Pentagon officials, why doesn't that logic apply to homeland security?  Someone should have reminded Gov. ...

•   Competition and Consensus: China's "New Concept of Security" and the United States Security Strategy for the East Asia-Pacific Region By David Finkelstein and Michael McDevitt PacNet No. 01, January 8, 1999   In a fascinating coincidence of timing both the People's Republic of China and the United States have within the last six months published official documents that spell out the security strategy that each country believes will bring lasting peace and stability to East Asia -- a shared objective. ... Separated by the Pacific Ocean from its Asian interests and friends the United States must depend on bi-lateral military alliances and the forward military presence they enable to execute its avowed strategy. ...     United States East Asian Security Strategy   The recently published 1998 version of America's Security Strategy for East Asia contains no surprises. ... The main message in the document is a reaffirmation that the heart of United States strategy will remain, as it has for over 40 years, bilateral security alliances with Japan, Korea, Australia and to a lesser extent Thailand and the Philippines. The strategy also reaffirms that the United States remains committed to improving regional security through multilateral fora. ...   Nonetheless, the strategy is quite clear in the belief that stability can only be preserved if multilateral initiatives rest firmly on a foundation of U. ...   China's "New Concept of Security"   In July 1998 China issued a Defense White Paper which authoritatively outlined China's vision of a post-Cold War Asia security order. It calls this a "new concept of security" and it includes the following elements:   The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence: mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence. ... Settle disputes peacefully, and engage in security dialogues and cooperation that is aimed at promoting trust (read confidence building measures CBMs). Since security is "mutual" these dialogues should not be confrontational or aimed against another country or infringe upon the security interests of any other nation.
• Nuclear Watch | Balkan Conflicts | East Asian Security |.
• Nuclear Weapons and Proliferation | South Asian Security |.

• Army and the New National Security Strategy .
• Chapter Two: THE NEW NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY (PDF).
• National Security Strategy.
• The National Military Strategy.
• Chapter Four: DEFINING THE ARMY'S HOMELAND SECURITY NEEDS (PDF).
• Providing for Homeland Security.
• The Army's Approach to Homeland Security.
• Homeland Security Environment: New and Uncertain.
• Estimating the Army's Homeland Security Needs.
• Structuring the Army for Homeland Security.
• Implications of Homeland Security Requirements for Other Army Missions.
• Possible Security Challenges in Asia.
• Has Strategy Driven Funding?.
• This book examines the Army's role in the war on terrorism; the Army's homeland security needs; the implications of increased emphasis on Asia; the Army's role in coalition operations; the unfinished business of jointness-the lessons learned from operations and how to prepare for the future; the Army's deployability, logistical, and personnel challenges; and whether the Army can afford its Transformation. These examinations are bracketed by an introduction, a description of the Army's place in the new national security strategy, and a summary of the authors' conclusions. ...

• Security Strategy.
• The following is the introduction from the fourth East Asia Strategy Report, a major statement of U. ... security strategy for the East Asia Pacific region published by the U. ...
• strategy for the Asia-Pacific region since 1990.
• Cohen, the 1998 strategy report is one of continuity while looking ahead to security challenges and opportunities at the turn of the century.
• security strategy in Asia, has been strengthened recently by enhanced security agreements. ...
• security relationship with China is based on a policy of comprehensive engagement typified by expanding military exchanges and dialogues, such as mutual naval fleet visits.
• The Department of Defense (DOD) issued its first and second East Asian Strategy Reports (EASR) in 1990 and 1992, respectively, to outline the changes we would make in our strategy and force structure in response to the end of the Cold War. In 1995, DOD issued a third report, this time noting that continuing areas of uncertainty and tension require a reaffirmation of our security commitments to the region. Where the 1990 and 1992 reports anticipated reductions in our deployed forces, the 1995 report confirmed our intention to maintain approximately 100,000 troops in the region for the foreseeable future, while increasing our efforts to share security responsibilities with our friends and allies, and to broaden bilateral and multilateral engagement.
• We have strengthened our alliance with Japan through the April 1996 Joint Security Declaration and the September 1997 revised Guidelines for U. ... -Japan Defense Cooperation, working within the framework of our alliance relationship to enhance security cooperation and readiness with Japan; .
• We have expanded our security cooperation and military access in Southeast Asia, while working with ASEAN states to enhance region-wide dialogue and confidence-building through the ASEAN Regional Forum; .
• We reaffirmed our security alliance with Australia through the 1996 Joint Security Declaration ("Sydney Statement") pledging mutual cooperation on regional and global security concerns; .
• We continue to build the foundation for a long-term relationship with China based on comprehensive engagement, as reflected in the 1997 and 1998 Clinton-Jiang Summits and as typified by a range of military exchanges and security dialogues; .
• We have worked with our friends and allies in the region to initiate new mechanisms for transparency and confidence building, including trilateral and multilateral meetings; defense forums; and combined education at the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies in Hawaii; and .

• Security Strategy Induced Libya to Give up WMD Programs, December 19, 2003.
• The White House said Libya's December 19 announcement that it will dismantle its programs to develop weapons of mass destruction (WMD) is a result of President Bush's national security strategy to give regimes a choice between pursuing such weapons at great cost or renouncing them and rejoining the international community.
• When leaders make the wise and reasonable choice to renounce terror and WMD, they serve the interests of their own people and add to the security of all nations," said the fact sheet.
• The President's National Security Strategy to Combat WMD.
• Libya's announcement today is a product of the President's strategy which gives regimes a choice. ...
• From the beginning of his Administration the President's national security strategy has committed the US to work with its allies to:.
• The President's national security strategy gives regimes a choice. ...
• Libya's announcement today is a product of this strategy. ...
• -- Enforced UN Security Council resolutions to disarm the Iraqi regime;.
• -- Led the Proliferation Security Initiative to interdict dangerous WMD and their means of delivery.
• When leaders make the wise and reasonable choice to renounce terror and WMD, they serve the interests of their own people and add to the security of all nations.

• SUBJECT: YSU’s Homeland Security Strategy.
• In response to these events, the Office of Homeland Security has raised the alert status from condition YELLOW (significant risk of terrorist attack) to condition ORANGE (high risk of terrorist attack). If the need arises, the nation’s security status may be raised to a RED condition (severe risk of terrorist attack). ...
• As the nation’s threat levels increase, it is quite natural for the campus community to experience an increase in concerns related to personal security and to ask about measures the University is taking relative to the safety of staff, students, and visitors to campus. ... The department is part of the Law Enforcement Criminal Justice Public Sharing Information (LEO) security network – a national network that is provided daily information gathered by U. ...
• In March 2000, EOHS participated in a workshop sponsored by the Department of Justice (DOJ) for the purpose of identifying terrorist targets within Mahoning County and potential weaknesses in security. ...

• The New National Security Strategy.
• The Bush administration’s grand design for foreign policy, spelled out last September in a document titled "The National Security Strategy," declares that the U. ...
• The ancestors of the September document are the Defense Policy Guidance paper of 1992, prepared in the Department of Defense under then Secretary Richard Cheney, and "Rebuilding America’s Defenses; Strategy, Forces and Resources for a New Century," issued in September 2000 by the Project for the New American Century. ...
• By contrast, the National Security Strategy paper speaks not of permanent superiority but of leadership, calls for a secure presence in space but not control of it (or cyberspace), implies the possibility of regime changes without stating it explicitly, and does not mention developing smaller nuclear weapons. ...
• Although there are problems with the National Security document, it is important to acknowledge that most of its premises are defensible. ...
• Disagreements will arise over the seriousness of particular threats, whether "just cause" and "last resort" are present for the use of military force, the utility of nonviolent and persuasive methods, whether a missile defense system (required by the strategy paper) is itself defensible practically and morally, and whether the U. ...
• On other points, however, the National Security Strategy document is seriously deficient.
• The section on economic growth and free trade contains a short paragraph devoted to enhancing energy security, pledging "to expand the sources and types of global energy supplied, especially in the Western Hemisphere, Africa, and the Caspian region. ... The document fails as a declaration of national security strategy at least on this essential point.
• To ignore them in the consideration of strategy is to compromise both international responsibility and national interest. ...
• 3) Though the strategy document calls for investing "time and resources into building international relationships and institutions that can help manage local crises when they emerge," this seems more like a policy of convenience subordinated to the unilateralist approach often taken by this administration, The concept of "coalitions of the willing" advanced in the document appears to describe a coalition of states willing to follow the leadership of the U. ... A "balance of power that favors freedom" appears to be fundamental in the proposed strategy, but the nature of this balance is unexplained.
• 4) The document never addresses the high costs of implementing this strategy. ... President Bush’s National Security Strategy document entails similar cost implications. ...
• 5) The strategy document seeks to justify preemptive war, but then extends the argument to preventive war by collapsing the distinction between the two. ...
• On the contrary, the first option may be too optimistic and therefore too idealistic in assuming that security can be established and perpetuated by military domination without provoking uncontrollable resentment or bankrupting the dominating state.

• Commission on National Security/21st Century was initiated over two years ago out of a conviction that the entire range of U. ... national security policies and processes required examination in light of new circumstances that lie ahead. ... national security strategy to deal with the world in 2025. The purpose of the Phase II Report is to define an American strategy based on U. ... It develops a strategy for America to reap the benefits of a more integrated world to expand freedom, security, and prosperity and to dampen the forces of instability. ...
• SEEKING A NATIONAL STRATEGY: A CONCERT FOR PRESERVING SECURITY AND PROMOTING FREEDOM Phase 1 (July 1998 - August 1999).
• ROAD MAP FOR NATIONAL SECURITY: IMPERATIVE FOR CHANGE Requires the Adobe Acrobat reader available here. ...
•   It describes global trends in scientific, technological, economic, socio-political and military security domains and the interplay of these developments on U. ... national security. ...
• MAJOR THEMES AND IMPLICATIONS The Phase I Report on the Emerging Global Security Environment for the First Quarter of the 21st Century. ...

• Advisory Panel Outlines Ideas On Homeland Security Strategy.
• com profiles a recent report issued by a congressional advisory panel that recommends the president create an advisory panel for long-term, strategic planning on homeland security.
• The article reports that "the commission believes the Homeland Security Department is moving ahead very well, but there is a tremendous managerial distraction from long-term thinking," said former Virginia Gov. ...
• The commission also said a key component of security strategy should be to empower state and local officials, who the report found have been drafted inconsistently into security efforts. ...
• The report called for a single grant office to streamline a funding process that now involves several offices and for an interagency mechanism for homeland security grants, as well as for developing guidelines and standards for spending grant funding. ...

• The integrated food security strategy for South Africa.
• Food security is part of the section 27 Constitutional rights in South Africa. ...
• The Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) in 1994 identified food security as a priority policy objective. As a result, the Government reprioritised public spending to focus on improving the food security conditions of historically disadvantaged people. ...
• By 2000, changes became necessary to improve the unsatisfactory situation that was occasioned by the implementation of many food security programmes by different Government departments in all spheres. As a result, Cabinet decided to formulate a national food security strategy that would streamline, harmonize and integrate the diverse food security programmes into the Integrated Food Security Strategy. ...
• South Africa faces the following key food security challenges: The first is to ensure that enough food is available to all, now and in the future; the second, is to match incomes of people to prices in order to ensure access to sufficient food for every citizen; the third is to empower citizens to make optimal choices for nutritious and safe food; the fourth is ensure that there is adequate safety nets and food emergency management systems to provide people that are unable to meet their food needs from their own efforts and mitigate the extreme impact of natural or other disasters on people; finally, to possess adequate and relevant information to ensure analysis, communication, monitoring, evaluation and reporting on the impact of food security programmes on the target population. ...
• The vision of the Integrated Food Security Strategy is to attain universal physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food by all South African at all times to meet their dietary and food preferences for an active and healthy life. This statement is also a definition of food security by the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nation (FAO). ...
• This approach entrenches public private civil society partnerships and focuses on household food security without overlooking national food security. ... Firstly, food security interventions will ensure that the target food insecure population gains access to productive resources; secondly, where a segment of the target food insecure population is unable to gain access to productive resources, then food security interventions will ensure that segment gains access to income and job opportunities to enhance its power to purchase food; thirdly, food security interventions will ensure that the target food insecure population is empowered to have nutritious and safe food; fourthly, where another segment of the target food insecure population is still unable to access sufficient food because of disability, extreme conditions of destitute - food security interventions will ensure that the state provides relief measures that may be short-term to being medium-term and sustained basis, depending on the nature of given interventions; fifthly, food security interventions will proceed from an analysis that is grounded on accurate information and the impact of which - in eradicating hunger, malnutrition and food insecurity - is constantly monitored and evaluated. ...
• Under the current Minister's Social Sector Cluster Plan of Action, the Special Programme for Food Security will deal with all interventions that pertain to food production trading strategic objectives of the IFSS; whilst the job and income creation opportunities objectives will be dealt by the Community Development Programme; nutrition and food safety by the Integrated Nutrition and Food Safety Programme; safety nets and food emergencies management by the Comprehensive Social Security system and Disaster Management; capacity building by the Food Security Capacity Building Programme; stakeholder dialogue by Food Security Stakeholder Dialogue Programme; finally, analysis, information and communication by the Food Security Information and Communication Programme, with the Social Indicators initiative from Statistics South Africa as the main input. ...
• Lead departments will present the details of their programme and the IFSS lead department will, in turn, consolidate these into the Integrated Food Security Programme (IFSP). ...
• a) Special Programme for Food Security - Department of Agriculture; .
• d) Comprehensive Social Security Programme - Department of Social Development; .
• f) Food Security Capacity Building Programme - all departments; and .

• To the National Security Strategy of the United States Wendell Berry .
• The new National Security Strategy published by the White House in September 2002, if carried out, would amount to a radical revision of the political character of our nation. ...
• This "we" of the new strategy can refer only to the president. ... As a policy, this new strategy depends on the acquiescence of a public kept fearful and ignorant, subject to manipulation by the executive power, and on the compliance of an intimidated and office-dependent legislature. ...
• The alleged justification for this new strategy is the recent emergence in the United States of international terrorism. ...
• The National Security Strategy defines terrorism as "premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against innocents" (p. ...
• The National Security Strategy wishes to cause "terrorism" to be seen "in the same light as slavery, piracy, or genocide" (p. ...
• There is, however, no acknowledgement in The National Security Strategy that terrorism might have a cause that could possibly be discovered and possibly remedied. ...
• The epigraph of Part III of The National Security Strategy contains this sentence from President Bush's speech at the National Cathedral on September 14, 2001: "But our responsibility to history is already clear: to answer these attacks and rid the world of evil. ...
• It is no wonder that the National Security Strategy, growing as it does out of unresolved contradictions in our domestic life, should attempt to compound a foreign policy out of contradictory principles. ...
• The authors of the strategy seem now and then to be glimmeringly conscious of the difficulty. ...
• We will take the actions necessary to ensure that our efforts to meet our global security commitments and protect Americans are not impaired by the potential for investigations, inquiry, or prosecution by the International Criminal Court (ICC), whose jurisdiction does not extend to Americans and which we do not accept. ...
• However nationalistic may be the doctrine of the National Security Strategy, the fact is that the internationalization of the weapons trade is a result inherent in international trade itself. ... Bush's addition of this Security Strategy to the previous bipartisan commitment to globalization exposes an American dementia that has not been so plainly displayed before. ...
• One might reasonably assume, therefore, that a policy of national security would advocate from the start various practical measures to conserve and to use frugally the nation's resources, the objects of this husbandry being a reduction in the nation's dependence on imports and a reduction in the competition between nations for necessary goods. ...
• Agriculture, which is the economic activity most clearly and directly related to national security — if one grants that we all must eat — receives such scant and superficial treatment as to amount to a dismissal. ...

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• Cyber-security strategy suggests, doesn't demand.
• WASHINGTON -- The Bush administration Friday announced its strategy for protecting computer systems from attacks by hackers or terrorists, but it backed away from proposals by several security experts for government requirements and funding. ...
• "Of primary concern is the threat of organized cyber attacks capable of causing debilitating disruption to our nation's critical infrastructures, economy or national security," said the plan, released by the Department of Homeland Security. ...
• The plan encourages companies to regularly review their technology security plans, and individuals who use the Internet to add firewalls and anti-virus software to their systems. It calls for a single federal center to help detect, monitor and analyze attacks, and for expanded cyber-security research and improved government-industry cooperation. ...
• Clarke, who recently resigned as President Bush's adviser on cyberspace security. Among them were suspending wireless Internet service until security holes were addressed, requiring Internet service providers to include firewall software and recommending that government agencies use their power as major purchasers of computer programs to push software makers to improve the security of their products. ...
• and the whole reason we have the problems that we have," said Eugene Spafford, a security expert and professor at Purdue University who frequently consults with the government. ...
• Technology and telecommunications companies lobbied hard against regulation, arguing the private sector is better qualified to develop the most effective security. ...
• "It's a wonderful statement of the problem," said Allan Paller, director of the SANS Institute, a computer security think-tank and education center. ...
• "When it comes to cyber-security, we're running at a punch-card pace when we need Pentium speed," said Sen. ... , who is the Senate Democrats' point man on homeland security. ...
• Among the ideas that were discussed were financial incentives for improving security and legal liability for failing to meet basic security standards. ...
• Rasch, chief security counsel for Solutionary Inc. ... But critical industries such as banking and utilities should be subject to mandatory security audits, he said. ...
• Cyber-security strategy suggests, doesn't demand.

•   The bush administration's security strategy: implications for transatlantic relations   Cambridge Review of International Affairs,  October 2003, vol. ... An important catalyst for this estrangement is the National Security Strategy (NSS) that the Bush administration promulgated in September 2002, a document that is a detailed imperial blueprint. Despite its pretensions, however, it is not a global strategy, but instead appears to apply primarily to the 'Islamic Arc'--the territory from North Africa to the border of India. The administration's security strategy has important implications for the transatlantic relationship, since the United States is encouraging NATO to become a junior partner for missions throughout the Islamic Arc. ... The US and its allies will continue to drift apart strategically, and the Bush administration's security strategy may actually hasten that process. ...

• National Military Strategy.
• Shape, Respond, Prepare Now -- A Military Strategy for a New Era.
• This document conveys my advice and that of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on the strategic direction of the Armed Forces in implementing the guidance in the President's A National Security Strategy for a New Century and the Secretary's Report of the Quadrennial Defense Review.
• The Chiefs and I strongly agree that the force levels recommended by the Secretary in the QDR are the minimum necessary to carry out this strategy at prudent military risk. ... They are the indispensable and decisive element in any strategy. ...
• Our best judgment is that this strategy, Shape, Respond, Prepare Now: A Military Strategy for a New Era, and the forces for which it calls, will protect the Nation and its interests, and promote a peace that benefits America and all like-minded nations. ...
• The Strategy—Shape, Respond, Prepare Now .
• Elements of the Strategy: Shape, Respond,and Prepare Now .

• BSA Commends Administration for Cyber Security Strategy .
• WASHINGTON (February 14) - The Business Software Alliance (BSA) today commended the Bush Administration for completing its National Strategy to Secure Cyberspace.
• "At a time when our nation is giving heightened attention to securing our homeland, it is important to emphasize that without cyber security, there is no physical security," said Robert Holleyman, president and CEO of the BSA.
• "That's why it is crucial for Congress and the Administration to ensure that cyber security remains a key focus of the new Department of Homeland Security and that the proper resources are allocated to establish the necessary programs and improve the security of government networks. ...
• Holleyman applauded the goals of the strategy, and emphasized the need for both the public and private sectors to work together to secure the complex computer networks that increasingly powering nearly every aspect of our economy and national security infrastructures. ...
• The BSA and its member companies - who develop the technologies that power and secure the nation's critical information infrastructure - stand ready to help businesses, consumers and governments adopt effective cyber security strategies. ...

• Europe Gets Real: The New Security Strategy Shows the EU's Geopolitical Maturity .
• On December 12, 2003, the European Council approved the long-awaited European Security Strategy entitled A Secure Europe in a Better World. The EU finally has a concise document that offers a coherent assessment of today's security threats and Europe's policy responses. The Iraqi imbroglio confirmed that such an attempt to forge a shared European security culture was long overdue. Past attempts within the Western European Union (WEU)-the EU's now defunct defence arm-to formulate such a security paper had failed to set clear priorities and adequate strategic options. The EU's Security Strategy does exactly that, aiming to address the weakest link in Europe's role as an emerging global power: the connection between its lofty objectives and its uncoordinated policy instruments.
• A draft-version of the strategy was first published at the EU's Thessaloniki summit last June. ... There are three key reasons for the EU to finally agree upon a shared security strategy.
• First, a shared security strategy aims to reposition the EU in the post-9/11 security environment by formulating a cohesive joint strategy for advancing Europe's economic and political interests. ... But influenced by the British diplomat Robert Cooper-the most prominent strategic thinker within the European Council-the EU Strategy now aims to go beyond mere "soft power" and "get real. ...
• Taking these qualms into account, the draft EU Security Strategy has been changed on a number of important points. The document still refers to five key security challenges for Europe: terrorism; the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD); regional conflict; state failure; and organized crime. However, the opponents of a tough EU-stance have succeeded in removing earlier references to a strategy of "preemption" from the final text. ...
• This seems to be paradoxical, since the second reason for the EU to agree on a joint Strategy was to repair the damaged transatlantic relationship and prove Europe's continued relevance to Washington's security agenda. ... It opens with the remark that "the United States has played a critical role in European integration and European security," and closes with the statement, "acting together, the European Union and the United States can be a formidable force for good in the world. ...
• What is more, the EU Strategy acknowledges that multilateralism needs to be enforced and that Europe "must therefore be ready to act when their rules are broken. " The document also emphasizes that "the best protection for our security is a world of well-governed democratic states. ...

• New E-mail alerts! Sign up now! 0 Check Point shifts security strategy.
• Security software maker Check Point Software, best known for its firewalls, is branching out into Web security and devices that protect internal networks. ...
• , company didn't detail any specific product plans, it said Wednesday that it intends to add features such as identity management and application security to its Web security products and internal firewalls. It will also add the ability to audit systems for regulatory compliance to its internal security products. ...
• Enterprise security Get the latest headlines andcompany-specific news in ourexpanded GUTS section. ...
• "For 10 years, we have been (an) innovator in terms of perimeter security," said Mark Kraynak, senior manager of product marketing at the company. "When we talk to our customers, they tell us that they need to better address some other problems such as internal security and Web security. ...
• The strategy, outlined at Check Point's annual industry analyst conference, is the latest move by a security company to offer a more integrated and easily managed approach to securing corporate information systems. ...
• In mid-October, network-protection company Internet Security Systems announced that it would deliver features, such as a firewall, an intrusion-detection system and antivirus technology, in a single device. A few days later, security software maker Network Associates announced that it would further integrate its products to help companies more easily manage devices and software. ...
• Companies such as Cisco Systems, NetScreen, Nokia and Symantec have added to their security features such as secure networking technology based on the browser-level encryption technology Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). ...
• Check Point's announcement confirms that integrating security is a trend that companies will be forced to follow, said Jeff Wilson, an industry analyst with technology watcher Infonetics Research. ...
• The shift in strategy has been coming for a long time, Wilson said. ...
• In early October, the company took the wraps off its first name-brand security device. ...
• Check Point's Kraynak said that the company hasn't decided on whether to release Check Point-branded hardware devices as it ventures into Web security and internal security. ...
• Dig deeper: Security | Firewall .

• Terrorism and Security Studies .
• • Program Overview • Module 1 - Security Trends and Challenges • Module 2 - Armed Conflict in the 21st Century • Module 3 - International Institutions • Module 4 - International Law • Module 5 - Euro-Atlantic Security Strategy (Brussels/Berlin Field Study) • Module 6 - State Power in International Security • Module 7 - Civil-Military Relations • Module 8 - Defense Planning and Transformation • Module 9 - National Security Strategy: Processes and Structures • Module 10 - Conflict Prevention and Management of Crisis and Conflict • Module 11 - US Security Strategy - Field Study Visit to Washington • Module 12 - Capstone Exercise .
• Module 9 - National Security Strategy: Processes and Structures.
• “Strategy is the art of controlling and utilizing the resources of a nation – or coalition of nations – including its armed forces, to the end that its vital interests shall be effectively promoted and secured against enemies, actual, potential or merely presumed” — Edward Meade Earle, Makers of Modern Strategy (1943) .
• “The problem with national security strategy documents is that they often create the false impression that strategy formulation is a rational and systemic process. In fact, strategy formulation both within the executive branch and between the executive branch and Congress is an intensely political process from which national strategy emerges after protracted bargaining and compromise. ...
• In Module 9, we provide an introduction to the complexities and ambiguities of developing and implementing national security strategies, using examples from the United States and Europe in the context of the war against terrorism. ...
• National security strategy, or “grand strategy,” is the art and science of developing, integrating, and deploying the political, economic, diplomatic, military, informational, and other instruments of national power and influence to secure political objectives in peace and war. A national security strategy seeks to counter real or potential threats to a state’s interests, values, or survival. This focus on perceived threats differentiates a security strategy from a state’s general foreign and domestic policy initiatives. National security strategy should also be distinguished from military strategy or doctrine. As Clausewitz recognized, military strategy should flow from, and be subordinate to, overall national security policy goals, even if the resultant potential for political interference in military planning and operations can often be frustrating for those in uniform.
• The term national security strategy implies a planned, systematic, and rational process, where a consideration of national interests, values, and priorities decides policy objectives, and an analysis of available resources, and the external security environment determines the strategy to achieve these objectives. However, in practice, strategy making is rarely so straightforward. The security implications of trends in the international environment can be difficult to interpret and analyze, leading to the kind of strategic drift that characterized Western security policies following the end of the Cold War. ... In some states, economic policy alone can drive the whole security strategy process. ... Consider, for example, the impact of the attacks in New York and Washington in September 2001 on US strategy. Analysts in the US Government were in the final stages of producing the Bush administration’s first national security and military strategies when the terrorists struck.

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