An Introduction to Numerical Weather Prediction Techniques The Kid's Book of Weather Forecasting: Build a Weather Station, 'Read the Sky' & Make Predictions! (Williamson Kids Can! Series) The Old Farmer's Almanac Book of Weather Lore : The Fact and Fancy Behind Weather Predictions, Superstition Numerical Weather Prediction Mathematics in Action: Applications in Aerodynamics, Statistics, Weather Prediction and Other Sciences Global weather prediction; the coming revolution Space and the Weather: The Story of Modern Weather Prediction. Weather Wisdom: Being an Illustrated Practical Volume Wherein Is Contained Unique Compilation and Analysis of the Facts and Folklore of Natural Weather Prediction Numerical Methods in Weather Prediction

• Weather Prediction for the Jet Age: The Air Force Role in Organizing Operational Numerical Weather Prediction.
• Moyers, Air Force Weather Agency, Offutt AFB, NE.
• On July 1, 1954, the Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit, a combined U. ... Weather Bureau, and U. ... Navy numerical weather forecasting unit under the leadership of Air Force meteorologist Dr. ... The leadership of Air Weather Service, then the Air Force’s lead agency for weather support, fully appreciated the significance numerical weather prediction had for weather support to modern jet fighters and bombers. They took an active and, in their estimation, leading role in the “operationalizing” of numerical weather prediction. ...
• The Air Force’s weather service associated itself with the theoretical foundation of numerical weather prediction from its organization out of the U. ... As early as 1946, at the time when many meteorologists recognized the potential the emerging electronic computer had for numerical weather prediction, the Air Force began several active, albeit perhaps less than fully coordinated, research projects into numerical weather prediction. For nearly a decade, the Air Force supported at varying levels of investment the work of the academic community, as well as its own programs in numerical weather prediction research. From this participation, Air Weather Service leadership concluded by 1953 that numerical weather prediction was ready to be “operationalized. ” This paper argues that Air Weather Service leadership was a, if not the, leading proponent of and instrumental in the establishment of the Joint Numerical Weather Prediction Unit in 1954. It is based upon primary research in Air Force documents and official histories, the recorded recollections of key Air Force weather service leaders, and other published works on the development of operational numerical weather prediction. ...
• Session 1, Early Atmospheric Science to Numerical Weather Prediction.

• Weather Prediction Tour (Next) .
• Weather Prediction Pages .
• Weather Prediction .
• Calendars and Weather Prediction .
• Index Hipparchus, Calendars and Weather Prediction .
• Hipparchus (flourished during second half of second century BC) appears to have produced a calendar, of a traditional type perhaps dating back to at least the fifth century BC, which listed the risings and settings of stars and associated weather indications. References made by Ptolemy (second century AD), in his Phases of the Fixed Stars and Collection of Weather Signs, suggest that Hipparchus was one of his sources, but Hipparchus' own astrometeorological calendar is now lost. ...

• NEW WEATHER PREDICTION MODEL TO IMPROVE AVIATION AND SEVERE WEATHER FORECASTS.
• Predicting the nation's weather just got a boost because of a new weather computer model that has just become operational, according to the Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The model improves the accuracy and timeliness of short-range weather forecasts, particularly for the aviation community and for the general public.
• , and funded by NOAA and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Aviation Weather Research Program. Called the RUC20 because of its 20-km resolution, it improves forecasts widely used for aviation, severe-weather forecasting, and general weather forecasting.
• "The Storm Prediction Center uses the RUC model extensively in its severe weather forecast operations," said Joe Schaefer, director of NOAA's Storm Prediction Center in Norman, Okla. "Operational computer model advances like this made possible by the advanced capabilities of the new National Weather Service supercomputer promise to advance our skill in forecasting tornadoes and other forms of hazardous weather to protect the American public. ...
• The model was implemented on April 17 at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) in Camp Springs, Md. , part of NOAA's National Weather Service (NWS). Using the latest observations from commercial aircraft, wind profilers, satellites, radars, weather balloons, and surface stations, the RUC20 produces new analyses and short-range forecasts on an hourly basis, with forecasts out to 12 hours every three hours, the highest-frequency updating of any forecast model at NCEP.
• "The RUC20 takes another step forward toward representing the complexity of real weather and provides considerable improvement for short-range forecast users," said Stan Benjamin, manager of the RUC project at FSL.
• Featuring increased horizontal resolution (from 40 km to 20 km) and more vertical levels (from 40 to 50), the RUC20 improves the overall accuracy of weather data being fed into aviation-weather and other weather applications. ...
• "Improved numerical forecast models are extremely important to the prediction of potentially hazardous weather conditions for aviation operations," said Greg Burke, chief of the FAA's Office of Air Traffic Systems Development. "The increased resolution of the RUC20 model will help identify weather phenomena that were previously not well defined. ...
• For aviation operations, the RUC20 enhancements will result in better forecasts in the vicinity of warm and cold fronts, where bad weather tends to concentrate, including areas of potentially hazardous turbulence and icing, and more accurate forecasts of surface winds, temperature, and precipitation. ...
• "Improvement in Aviation Weather Center products due to RUC20 improvements over the current RUC2 will enhance the en-route warning, forecast, and advisory program serving the National Airspace System," said Jim Henderson from NOAA's Aviation Weather Center in Kansas City. ...

• Other Forecasting Methods climatology, analogue and numerical weather prediction .
• This method involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over many years to make the forecast. For example, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for New York City on July 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July 4th and take an average. If you were making a forecast for temperature and precipitation, then you would use this recorded weather data to compute the averages for temperature and precipitation. ...
• 18 inches of rain, then the weather forecast for New York City on July 4th, using the climatology method, would call for a high temperature of 87 degrees with 0. ... The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. ...
• It involves examining today's forecast scenario and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very similar (an analog). The forecaster would predict that the weather in this forecast will behave the same as it did in the past. ...
• You remember similar weather conditions one last week, also a warm day with cold front approaching. ...
• Various weather features rarely align themselves in the same locations they were in the previous time. ... However, as time passes and more weather data is archived, the chances of finding a "good match" analog for the current weather situation should improve, and so should analog forecasts. ...
• Numerical Weather Prediction: .
• Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) uses the power of computers to make a forecast. ... A forecaster examines how the features predicted by the computer will interact to produce the day's weather. ...
• In addition, the are many gaps in the initial data since we do not receive many weather observations from areas in the mountains or over the ocean. If the initial state is not completely known, the computer's prediction of how that initial state will evolve will not be entirely accurate. ...

• Eighth Annual Workshop on Weather Prediction in the Intermountain West.
• 2002 Olympic Games Winter Weather.
• The Eighth Annual Workshop on Weather Prediction in the Intermountain West will be held on Friday, November 2, 2001 at the Huntsman Cancer Institute at the University of Utah. The objectives of the annual workshops are to discuss major issues related to operational meteorology over the western United States and to foster interaction between researchers, applied meteorologists, and other professionals who rely on operational weather forecasts or data. ...
• The workshop features invited talks related to winter weather in the Intermountain West and the many facets of the weather support required for the 2002 Olympic Winter Games. The workshop is intended to provide a short course on winter weather. ... Topics that will be covered, include: the roles of the groups involved in Olympic weather forecasting, winter weather forecast challenges (large-scale weather systems, orographic and lake-effect precipitation, local mountain flows, venue microclimates), long range climate outlook for February-March 2002, operational model guidance provided by NCEP, applications of MesoWest and the Intermountain Weather Forecast System, and leveraging the current high-level of interest in Olympic winter weather to improve weather prediction in the Intermountain West in the future. ...
• A meeting regarding the formation of the Consortium for Intermountain Environmental Monitoring and Prediction will be held on Thursday afternoon, November 1, 2001. ...
• The workshop is being hosted by the NOAA Cooperative Institute for Regional Prediction. ... A limited number of rooms have been reserved for the "Weather Prediction Workshop" at a rate of $69/night for October 31 and November 1; reservations must be made by October 18. ...

• WEATHER PREDICTION .
• We hear these terms everytime we tune into a weather report. ... Here are some weather terms that you should find interesting. There is also a link to a bigger weather glossary that I found very useful. ...
• Meteorologists use many different tools to help them forecast the weather. ...
• There are many different methods that can be used to predict the weather. ...
• Over the years, people have come up with many different superstitions to explain and predict weather. The following is a link to a "weather folklore" site that I found very interesting. ...
• edu/curric/weather/hsweathr/folktale. ...

• Mountain Weather Forecasts for Washington and northern Oregon.
• This contains a detailed mountain weather forecast for the Washington Cascades, Olympic Mountains and northern Oregon Cascades. ... If unusually severe avalanche conditions develop in the spring or fall, a special statement will be issued in lieu of the detailed mountain weather forecast--otherwise a more general spring, summer or fall avalanche statement is available. ... Travelers at higher elevations in the Northwest mountains assume certain risks and should always remain aware of both weather and snow conditions and take necessary precautions to ensure safe mountain travel. ...
• For other weather information visit one of the Weather Web Sites listed in the Snow, Weather and Avalanche Web Sites. ...
• MOUNTAIN WEATHER FORECASTS .
• Detailed Mountain Weather Forecast for Washington and northern Oregon .
• Previous Versions of detailed Mountain Weather Forecast .

• Real-time prediction of geomagnetic storms .
• Provided by the World Data Center C2 (WDC-C2 for Geomagnetism, Kyoto University, Japan), the provisional Dst index (available on the previous day) is used for comparison with prediction. The prediction given below is 1 hour in advance, made from the solar wind input parameters (B, By, Bz, N, V). To see the prediction from the input parameters (B, Bs, N, V), please click here. ...
• The prediction presented here is still in a test phase. ...
• (1) Prediction of geomagnetic storms from solar wind data using Elman recurrent neural networks, Wu, J. ... (2) Space Weather Physics: Dynamic Neural Network Studies of Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Coupling, Ph. ... Some Links for Space Weather Forecasting .
• Space weather predictions (IRF/Lund Space Weather Center) Space weather forecasting (NOAA/SEC) Prediction of the Auroral Electrojet Indices (NASA/GSFC) Real-Time Predictions of Dst (NASA/GSFC) Real-Time Predictions of Dst (UCLA) Real-Time Predictions of Dst (Japan/IRF-K) Real-Time Dst Estimate (UC Berkeley) Space weather prediction: Research and development (NRL/USA) .
• Some Educational Links for Space Weather .
• Space Weather: A Research Perspective National Space Weather Program: Strategic Plan National Space Weather Program: Implementation Plan Space Weather Resources (Rice Univ. ...

• Tenth Annual Workshop on Weather Prediction in the Intermountain West.
• The Tenth Annual Workshop on Weather Prediction in the Intermountain West will be held on Thursday November 6, 2003 at the Desert Research Institute (DRI) in Reno, Nevada.   The objectives of this annual workshop are to discuss major issues related to operational meteorology over the western United States and to foster interactions between researchers, applied meteorologists and other professionals who rely on operational weather forecasts or data. ...
•   Presentations on operational meteorology issues relevant to both the western and eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada, and other regions in the west whose weather is impacted by the Sierra Nevada, are encouraged.   Relevant topics include, but are not limited to hydrometeorology, streamflow forecasting, orographic precipitation, frontal modification by orography, upslope and downslope winds, fire weather, road weather, snow and avalanche studies, hydrologic cycle and local forecast problems. ...

• Methods to predict severe weather Gerd Tetzlaff.
• Severe weather is assumed to be capable to do damage to man and nature. The occurrence of such weather is restricted to statistically rare events. ... The prediction time span has a fairly wide range. A prediction everything is called that allows to exceed the accuracy of the predictions produced by trivial methods, usually achieved either by persistency or by climate predictions. Mostly, the available data bases allow to produce both a persistency and a climate prediction. The available methods limit prediction to time intervals between about one minute to about one year. Furthermore, it has to be differentiated between the methods to produce standard types of predictions and the particular prediction of severe weather. It is assumed that severe weather means the occurrence of high amounts of precipitation or high wind speeds, or also lack of rain or other long-term shortages. All prediction methods use two basic approaches, the deterministic numerical weather prediction and the statistical approach, and in some cases the combination of both of them. It is known that the quality of the severe weather prediction exhibits lower skills than the standard predictions. ...
• The short-term prediction or now-casting is placed in the time range from one minute to about three hours. Within this range the numerical weather prediction is not of the highest quality because of the necessary initialisation process, which costs some assimilation time. Therefore, statistically based methods are used for prediction purposes. However, these methods require a sufficient data base, both for the formulation of the prediction and the evaluation of the quality of the predictions. In the field of nowcasting there is rather little particular experience available allowing to tackle severe weather prediction, because these are statistically rather rare events. ... Therefore, it has to be assumed that the methods available for statistical short-term prediction often cannot satisfy the needs of short-term severe weather prediction. ...

• Spacenews New NASA Data Help Take 'Whether' Out of Weather Prediction .
• (Phone: 818/354-0474) RELEASE: 03-151 NEW NASA DATA HELP TAKE "WHETHER" OUT OF WEATHER PREDICTION Your weatherperson's job just got a little easier, thanks to new data available from advanced weather instruments aboard NASA's Aqua satellite. ... This information can be used to make more accurate predictions of weather and climate. ... With its visible, infrared and microwave detectors, the AIRS experiment provides a three-dimensional look at Earth's weather. ... "Meteorologists around the world have been eagerly awaiting the availability of this processed AIRS data, and are already reporting measurable increases in the accuracy of their short-term weather predictions. NASA and the world's weather prediction agencies can also use AIRS experiment data to better track severe weather events, like hurricanes," he said. ... Tony McNally, of the European Center for Mid-range Weather Forecasts in Reading, England, reported the use of AIRS data resulted in "a small but consistent positive impact on forecast quality in all areas. ... Louis Ucellini, director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), said adopting data from the AIRS experiment is "our number one priority. ... When that process is completed this summer, NOAA will begin integrating AIRS data into existing weather-prediction models used by NCEP. Six of the world's leading weather- prediction centers will do the same. ... gov/airs NASA's Earth Science Enterprise is dedicated to understanding the Earth, as an integrated system, and applying Earth system science to improve prediction of climate, weather and natural hazards using the unique vantage point of space. ...

• Numerical Weather Prediction .
• --> Numerical Weather Prediction.
• Besides weather radars, satellites, and actual measurements of the atmosphere, meteorologists use computer models to forecast the weather. ... Based on these air motions, we can determine temperature and pressure changes and what kind of weather may take place. The National Weather Service's ability to develop and run more complex weather computer models has exploded along with our society's entering of the computer age. ...
• By 1992, National Weather Service computer models had 39 grid points over Lake Superior, and today, in 2000, our most sophisticated computer model has 420 grid points over Lake Superior! That's an increase of 140 times the original number in 1975! .
• In 1975, our computer model had six vertical layers, today the National Weather Service runs computer models with up to 50 vertical layers. ...
• Just visit the weather models section of the National Weather Service Marquette web site. If you want to see some easy to understand forecast weather maps of temperature, humidity, precipitation, thunderstorms, wind speed, and cloud cover, produced by three of the computer models, check out this computer generated maps page. ...
• This figure shows the additional snowfall (shaded areas) in inches and lowered surface pressure (red lines in millibars) that occurs in the National Weather Service's computer model as a result of the Great Lakes for a 36 hour period ending 10 AM EST December 20, 1996.
• Greg Mann, National Weather Service Detroit/Pontiac) .

• Date Prev Date Next Thread Prev Thread Next Date Index Thread Index Weather prediction and Quantum Computers.
• Subject: Weather prediction and Quantum Computers .
• A friend of mine asked if Quantum Computers would get around the problems with weather prediction. ...
• Re: Weather prediction and Quantum Computers .
• Re: Weather prediction and Quantum Computers .
• Next by thread: Re: Weather prediction and Quantum Computers .

• Post-cyclone, bid to improve weather prediction .
• SMEETA MISHRA PANDEY   December 2: With weatherman failing to come up with accurate forecasts, the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi, has taken upon itself the task of training some of them to use advanced prediction methods.
• Along with the Union Department of Science and Technology, IIT on November 29 launched the first-ever scientific and engineering research (SERC) school on ``Numerical weather prediction Dynamics and numerical methods''.
• Amongst the participants in the month-long training programme are officials from the Defence forces, the Indian Meterological Department, Snow Avalanche Study Institute and the National Council of Medium Range Weather Forecasts.
• Mohanty, who is the head of the IIT Centre of Atmospheric Sciences as well as the course director, told The Indian Express: ``We will train the participants to use the numerical method of prediction that is widely used in the USA and Europe. As of now, India has less then 100 weather experts who are trained to use this method. ...
• Usingthe method, weatherman can forecast for the next three to five days, unlike the subjective method which can predict weather for coming 24 hours alone. ...
• These mathematical equations can be further processed with the required time scale to forecast weather''.
• ``You can't control the weather. ...

• Pittsburgh system runs 110 Gflop/s weather prediction.
• Pittsburgh 04 December 2001 In tests on the Terascale Computing System (TCS) at Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), two computational models used to predict weather have sustained the best performance yet recorded, doubling previous records, according to John Michalakes, a software engineer at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado. ...
• John Michalakes leads the working group for software architecture and implementation for the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) project, a large, multi-institutional effort that includes the National Science Foundation, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Defense and university scientists. He and his colleagues are working with PSC staff and with Compaq to exploit the newly installed TCS, which comprises 3000 Compaq EV68 Alpha microprocessors, to its fullest potential for weather modelling.
• weather prediction and climate research have suffered in recent years from the inability to acquire and run on the fastest computing systems.
• Using 40 processors, the VPP5000 runs the MM5 weather model at a little more than 40 gigaflops. ...
• Numerical weather prediction (NWP) has had a long and fruitful relationship with computing, John Michalakes explained in his November 14 talk. In the 1960s, NWP revolutionised weather forecasting by consistently providing better predictions than subjective forecasts. Since then, forecasting has improved side-by-side with the evolution of computing technology, and advances in computing continue to drive better forecasting as weather researchers develop improved numerical models. ...
• Air Force Weather Agency.

• The Weather Prediction: .
• When you think of the Spring season you automatically begin to think about warmer weather, preparing to plant your flowers, your garden, getting ready to mow the lawn and of course the list goes on. ...
• This resulted in many people thinking about the weather instead of acknowledging that this day would be the first day of Spring. ...
•     When it comes time for the weather person to predict the weather we expect them to be right on target. This winter has proven to us that the weather person is only human and can only predict the weather as closely as his or her tools allow them to do so. We are beginning to see that nature is in a higher position of controlling our weather than the weather person. ...
•     However, even with this knowledge we still depend upon the weather person to tell us what type of weather we are going to have in order for us to dress appropriately for that day. ...

• Numerical Weather Prediction.
• 1946 John von Neumann at the Institute for Advanced Study studies digital computers for weather prediction. ...

• Numerical Weather Prediction Models.
• Another approach to the problem of evaluating the water cycle over the ocean is to examine the output of numerical weather prediction models (NWP). ... Preliminary comparisons of the monthly average E-P for two years from the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) model and the Schmitt, et al. ...

• You will be redirected to Folk Lore Weather Forecasting in 2 seconds. ...

• Weather prediction without radar.
• Author: percy k b king How do you know what kind of weather is going to come without radar? Response #: 1 of 1 Author: mortis Farmers, sailors, and mountaineers learn to read the sky for signs of changing weather - clouds in the west is generally a sign of precipitation in the forecast. ...

• Numerical Weather Prediction.
• Although NOAA claims that weather affects as much as one-sixth of our Gross Domestic Product, neither the magnitude of the effects nor the dollar value of accurate forecasts has been credibly quantified. Yet NOAA and other environmental agencies around the world spend millions of dollars each year improving the numerical weather prediction models upon which these forecasts are based. Although the models themselves continue to improve, the amount of weather data the models ingest is actually decreasing. Surface observations over land are decreasing as weather stations are closed. A weak link in the global weather observing system, upon which numerical weather prediction models depend, is the sparsity of weather reports over the three-quarters of the Earth occupied by the world’s oceans. Both the number of weather reporting ships and the number of data buoys are decreasing. ...
• In particular, a streamline analysis of radar-derived surface wind directions gives a realistic snapshot of synoptic and mesoscale surface meteorology features that can be used to correct numerical weather prediction models. ...

• Mesoscale Data Assimilation and Weather Prediction M. ...

• Weather Services.
• Weather on Wings.
• Weather Observations and Forecasts.
• Numerical Weather Prediction Models .
• As an input to formulation of weather forecasts, aviation forecasters use outputs from the numerical weather prediction models of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts and the United Kingdom Meteorological Office received in the form of grid point values via the Global Telecommunication System. Numerical weather prediction products are also routinely obtained from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Products from these global models are generally adequate for forecasting large-scale weather systems such as surges of the winter monsoon. However, limited by the coarse resolution of the data received, the grid point information is inadequate for resolving smaller scale features associated with inclement weather. ...

• Weather Prediction.
• Who knows what the weather is going to be tomorrow, or even today? In this competition, students are challenged to collect data and accurately predict the next day's weather!.
• The Weather Unit.
• Weather. ...
• K-12 Weather Curriculum.

• Numerical Weather Prediction .
• Weather forecasting and prediction of global climate change utilize models of the circulation of the earth's atmosphere. ...
• These methods have been demonstrated for weather prediction, and CRSC researchers are currently studying how to modify these methods for climate change modeling, and how to utilize state-of-the art parallel supercomputers for their implementation.

Do you have a great site about Weather Prediction? Is your Weather Prediction site listed here? Would you like a prefered placement of your site in this directory?

It's easy! First place, the HTML from the box below on your page that you would like listed in this directory.

Then use our link submission request with your name, your contact information, and the URL of your site that has a link to this directory. After we verify your link to us, we'll make sure your site stays in our directory, and we'll give it prefered placement here also.

Here is how to make a simple text link to us. Just copy the code in this box to your website:

We can also develop a custom Guide To The Internet for your site. Please request your own custom Guide To The Internet.